Utilization of electric vehicles in combined voltage?frequency control of multi?area <scp>thermal?</scp> combined cycle gas turbine system using two degree of freedom tilt?integral?derivative controller

This paper conveys the unified control pattern of frequency and voltage interconnected multi-area power system through automatic load (ALFC) loop regulator (AVR) loop. Each area includes a single-stage reheat thermal plant, combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) electric vehicles (EVs). Pertinent generation rate constraint for CCGT plant governor dead band is considered. A maiden attempt has been made to introduce two degree freedom tilt-integral-derivative (2DOFTID) controller both ALFC AVR loops. In this study, meta-heuristic algorithm called Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) implemented optimize parameters. Study divulges that performance 2DOFTID predominates when compared with TID proportional-integral-derivative filter (PIDF) apropos time-domain indices. By juxtaposition, superiority proposed index observed. Also, improved dynamics were independently exhibited by influence lumped EV model AVR. For predominance controller, different patterns disturbances such as random sinusoidal varying perturbation have investigated. Eventually, sensitivity studies accomplished determine sturdiness substantial variations in